According to statistics, in recent years, humanity has often discovered diabetes, which is the 21st century outbreak. Every year the disease is younger, and more and more patients die from complications. In this case, it is important to understand what diabetes is mellitus, the type of diabetes that exists and its differences.
Type of diabetes
Diabetes pathology is a collective name for the entire class of disease. In medicine, it is common to release diabetes mellitus by type. The term itself is represented by the entire list of diseases that have common features. The features of diabetes and species are due to the values of glucose pathogens in the bloodstream.
There are many factors, which is why insulin cannot convey glucose to blood cells, while the result is always the only one -in the course of strong blood saturation by sugar, the cells cannot be eaten normally.
When the sugar in the cell is not appropriate, it is drawn by water. The fluid filling the blood through the kidneys, leading to dehydration. No matter what type of sugar disease is observed, the following signs develop:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- Feelings of thirst;
- Frequent visits to the bathroom and abundant urine discharge.
Various forms of diabetes are characterized by appearance factors, symptoms and therapeutic methods.
Diabetes classification
How many types of diabetes sugar? First and foremost, diabetes is distinguished by the type - sugar associated with increased sugar and not. And the kind of sugar has diabetes and the difference.
- Form SD 1.
- Form SD 2.
- A particular type of pathology.
- Pregnancy form.
In terms of severity, diabetes is distinguished by type:
- light;
- medium;
- heavy shape.
About the state of compensation, they distinguish:
- compensated;
- subcompensated;
- A canceled form of disease.
It is important to consider each type of diabetes and their features.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin -depending)
The first type of diabetes is commonly called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas produced by insulin. In patients with 1 type of diabetes, insulin is not present or not enough.
According to statistics, the manifestation of today's disease is in young people. The first form has the following signs:
- rapid weight loss;
- thirst;
- Frequent encouragement to the toilet;
- Feelings of hunger;
- The occurrence of acetone in the urine.
This various pathological treatment implies the introduction of the required dose of hormones. The remaining therapeutic steps are ineffective.
The development of the first type of disease is due to genetic factors. In addition, the provocator is several negative reasons, starting with affected immunity. Diabetes course suddenly, with clear manifestations. The sugar indicator is relatively high, reaching 30 mmol/l. But without insulin, cells remain in a state of hunger.
Cells -pancreatic cells defective, sugar is produced. Hormone deficiency leads to the use of carbohydrates, energy lacks try to process fat.
The first type develops with the presence:
- infection;
- pressure;
- inactive life;
- autoimmune process;
- descent tendency;
- Inappropriate nutrition.
In the absence of adequate treatment, conflict of consciousness, until a diabetes coma, develops rapidly. Next, if you are not comprehensive in treating diabetes in adults, then it will quickly lead to disruption of almost all systems and organs, defects.
With the development of diseases in children, there are lags in the development of physical, mental, puberty, infantilism.
The first method of therapy is the introduction of insulin in injections under the epithelium. Today, glucose is not introduced many times. There is an analog that is introduced 1 times a day or 1 time for 3 days. The insulin pump is effective, which introduces glucose continuously during the day.
Various types of diseases are adult latent autoimmune diseases, characterized by decreased sugar value, the patient's weight is normal. In this study, antibodies were found in pancreatic cells that were not found in the form of the 2nd pathology, but were found in 1.
It is important to diagnose the disease in time, as therapy shows the introduction of insulin. Tablets, to reduce sugar in this situation are not allowed.
Type 2 diabetes (insulin -depending)
Diabetes of the 2nd degree is not absolute, but about humility insulin. This indicates the secretion of insulin in normal and excessive quantities. The cells are resistant to its influence.
Sometimes this species is associated with obesity. In such a position of glucose shooting, it is not enough for all fat deposits now. Unlike 1 shape, 2 species are formed in the years of mature. The gender of men is facing problems after 40, women during the post -Cimax period, when restructuring is observed at hormone levels.
The development of 2 forms of diabetes is not very fast, compared to 1 type. Often the disease is formed gradually, weak signs, painful disorders in the form of 1.
The main manifestations of the disease include:
- Dryness in the oral cavity;
- increased the amount of urine, which makes the patient enter the toilet in the middle of the night;
- a strong desire to drink;
- itching -mucous membrane;
- There is a higher desire.
After this disease, together with obesity, leads to the development of hypertension, increases pressure to high values. The formation of a demonic circle is formed when diabetes, obesity and hypertension together -bring each other. The risk of heart attack, stroke also develops rapidly.
If the disease is not treated, irreversible phenomena occur in nerve fibers, liver, kidneys, retinal eye. Often, vascular disease in 2 forms leads to complications - the appearance of trophic ulcers in the lower leg, gangrene feet.
When 2 species of SD continues easily to normalize sugar, enough kilograms are removed. This is only at first. After glucose deficiency, it requires a lower sugar drug in the tablet. Pills can stimulate the synthesis of sugar in beta cells, which include deficiency.
But then with a variety of stimuli, complete cell reduction, the formation of complete glucose deficiency is possible. High indications, together with complications compared to the internal organs, serve as a guide to switch from pills to insulin. Therefore, as a rule, the patient is destined to use persistent insulin. Therefore, out of 2 types of diabetes, the first dependent on insulin, and the 2nd form has 2 phases, the nature of development depends on insulin and dependent on insulin.
A particular type of diabetes
There is a group of certain types of diabetes associated with other factors. Type of diabetes:
- Defective defects in pancreatic organ cell work and insulin effects.
- Disease of exocrine gland.
- Endocrinopathy.
- SD, provoked by medicines, chemical elements.
- Injection.
- An unusual type of immune disease.
- Symptoms of heredity combined with diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus by the type of genetic defect in pancreatic work and insulin effects is formed by a gene mutation responsible for gland function, insulin effects.
Pancreatic exocrine diseases implies the process of inflammation in the iron, injury, tumor formation. When some of the organs are affected, sugar productivity also suffers, service stations lead to the appearance of diabetes. Therapy undergoing work replacement, introducing glucose.
Diabetes mellitus by endocrinotherapy type is characterized by excess hormone performance. Hormones can negatively affect sugar exchange by increasing the indicator, causing insulin resistance, preventing exposure to sugar. As a result, the development of certain forms of diabetes occurs.
Diabetes mellitus by a type of drug provoked by medicines that can increase sugar and cause insulin resistance.
Often, diabetes initially develops after viral pathology, as viruses can affect unusual pancreatic cells and cause damage to the immune system, promoting a process similar to the formation of sugar disease.
- Adenovirus.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Rubella.
- Piggy.
In rare cases, diabetes is observed with diabetes, provoked by the formation of antibodies to glucose and its receptors. Receptors are the goal of glucose, through that cells receive its influence. When this phenomenon is violated, sugar cannot naturally work, so it develops diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
This species develops during pregnancy. The disease develops due to lower sugar productivity, it is necessary to control glucose in the bloodstream.
During pregnancy, the female body has to produce a large amount of sugar, which provides the need for the baby. This process is very relevant in the second phase of pregnancy.
When there is glucose deficiency, the value of sugar develops all the time, providing the possibility of developing a type of pregnancy diabetes. Pathology often disappears, after the birth of a child. This is a feature that distinguishes this type from other species with chronic flow.
Diabetes is not -adalar
The form of non -Niicar disease is also called urethics. The pathology has no common signs. The main features include:
- Polyuria, characterized by the release of urine in volume, which is far beyond the norm;
- Polydipsy - takes a large amount of liquid.
With the disease, diabetes patients observe:
- dry skin;
- stomach stretched, lowered;
- weight loss;
- the pressure is decreasing;
- The genitourinary system is affected (children are facing menstrual cycle violations, in men, potential decreases);
- Ennuses children worry, growth and development are delayed.
Nonachard therapy provides vasopressin acceptance in the form of spray into the nasal cavity, or pills.